Mood disorders. You’ve heard of them, but what exactly is a mood disorder? What isn’t a mood disorder? If you’re unsure, you’re not alone. While the term “mood disorder” applies to several mental health concerns, it doesn’t apply to all of them.
Mood disorders include a wide range of emotional disturbances. They span from the depths of major depression to the extreme highs of bipolar disorder. Whether you are dealing with a mood disorder yourself or someone you love or simply want to enhance your knowledge on the subject, gaining a better understanding is always a good idea. We will explore each disorder’s symptoms, causes, and treatment options, giving you valuable insight.
Mental Health Treatment in San Diego
Understanding Mood Disorder Types
Mood disorders are complex psychological conditions that primarily affect an individual’s emotional state. These disorders can disrupt daily life, relationships, work, and well-being. All mood disorder types are, at their core, a range of emotional issues. They cause long-lasting emotional imbalances. And if left untreated, they can lead to severe consequences. It’s vital to recognize the types of mood disorders so you can spot their symptoms and seek appropriate help.
Mood disorders are very challenging due to their variability. They can manifest in many ways. This makes it hard for individuals and their loved ones to identify the specific issue. Mood disorders are often categorized by their primary emotional state. This can range from extreme lows, like depression, to extreme highs, like mania.
Mood disorders have many causes. They include genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Stressful events, a family history of mental illness, and brain chemical imbalances can all trigger these disorders. That’s why it can be tricky to pinpoint precisely what is causing a mood disorder without professional help.
Types of Mood Disorders
Without further ado, let’s dive into the different types of mood disorders, their causes, and available treatments.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
MDD is one of the most prevalent and debilitating mood disorders, affecting approximately 21 million Americans.
Symptoms of major depressive disorder include the following:
- persistent feelings of sadness
- hopelessness
- lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities
- difficulty concentrating
- changes in sleeping patterns
- appetite changes
- fatigue
These symptoms can vary in intensity and duration, often interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
Factors Contributing to MDD
Various factors can trigger the onset of MDD, including:
- significant life changes
- trauma
- chronic stress
- substance use
- physical health issues
- genetic predisposition
It’s important to note that MDD is not merely a response to situational challenges. Instead, it is a serious mental health condition requiring professional intervention. MDD’s biology often involves neurotransmitter imbalances, especially serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. These are vital for regulating mood and emotions.
Treatment for MDD
Treatment for major depressive disorder usually involves therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and other approaches have proven effective in helping individuals identify and challenge negative thought patterns, while antidepressant medications can help restore chemical balance in the brain. Alongside these interventions, self-care practices are vital for recovery. This includes regular exercise, healthy eating, and mindfulness techniques.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder affecting approximately 2.8% of U.S. adults. This mood disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression)
These symptoms of bipolar disorder can be broken down into the following:
- Manic episodes: Feeling elated, irritable, or jumpy and having racing thoughts; may also be more active than usual, need less sleep, and talk quickly.
- Depressive episodes: Feeling sad, hopeless, or worthless, and having trouble concentrating or making decisions; may also sleep too much or too little and have changes in appetite.
- Mixed episodes: may experience both manic and depressive symptoms at the same time
- Hypomania: a less severe form of mania can cause people to feel energetic and productive, but they can still function normally.
Causes of Bipolar Disorder
Unfortunately, the exact cause of bipolar disorder remains unclear. However, research indicates that genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors contribute to its development. Individuals with a family history of bipolar disorder are at a higher risk, suggesting a hereditary component. Also, stressful events or substance abuse can trigger episodes in those prone to the disorder.
Bipolar Disorder Types
- Bipolar I is characterized by at least one manic episode, which may or may not be followed by depressive episodes.
- Bipolar II includes hypomanic and depressive episodes. But, it lacks the full-blown mania of Bipolar I.
- Cyclothymic Disorder is a milder form of bipolar. It has at least two years of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that don’t meet the criteria for major episodes.
Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
Effective management of bipolar disorder typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. The most common medications prescribed to treat bipolar disorder include:
- mood stabilizers
- antipsychotics
- antidepressants
Psychotherapy, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy, can help. It can teach coping skills and spot early signs of mood changes. Support from family and friends is also crucial in fostering a stable environment conducive to recovery.
Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)
Persistent depressive disorder, once called dysthymia, is a chronic depression. It is marked by a low mood lasting for at least two years. PDD’s symptoms are often less severe than those of major depression. But they can still impair one’s ability to function and enjoy life. Common symptoms include feelings of sadness, low self-esteem, fatigue, and difficulties with decision-making.
Causes of PDD
The causes of persistent depressive disorder can be complex. They often involve:
- genetics
- personality
- environment
People with a history of major depression may be at greater risk for PDD. The same is true for those who have faced major stress or trauma. PDD’s chronic nature can cause a deep sense of hopelessness. That’s why it is vital to seek support and treatment.
Treatment for Persistent Depressive Disorder
The best course of action in treating PDD is through a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy can help individuals change negative thought patterns and improve their emotional well-being. Antidepressants may also be prescribed to help alleviate symptoms. Self-care strategies are also key to managing PDD. They include a healthy lifestyle, engaging in social activities, and coping skills.
Postpartum Depression (PPD)
This mood disorder type affects approximately one in seven new mothers after childbirth.
Symptoms of PPD include:
- extreme sadness
- anxiety
- exhaustion
- difficulty concentrating
- insomnia
- bouts of rage or irritability
- isolating oneself
- trouble bonding with the baby
Unlike the typical “baby blues” that many new mothers experience, PPD can last for months or even years if untreated. The “baby blues” usually resolve within a couple of weeks.
Causes of Postpartum Depression
Once again, the exact cause of postpartum depression is not fully understood. However, researchers believe it combines hormones, psychology, and stress. Motherhood can be overwhelming. Many women face significant life changes, new responsibilities, and a lack of support. These can all contribute to PPD. Also, a history of depression or anxiety can raise the risk of postpartum depression.
Treatment for Postpartum Depression
Treatment for PPD typically involves a combination of therapy and medication. Psychotherapy can provide support and coping strategies for new mothers struggling with PPD. In some cases, antidepressant medications may be prescribed to help alleviate symptoms. Support from partners, family, and friends is vital to help mothers through this tough time and promote recovery.
Other types of mood disorders
In addition to the more commonly recognized mood disorders, several other types warrant attention. These include:
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) affects mainly children and teens. It causes severe temper outbursts and a persistently irritable or angry mood.
- Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS affecting a small percentage of women. PMDD causes severe mood changes, like depression and irritability, occurring in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
- Substance-induced mood disorders arise due to substance abuse. These mood disorders may stem from an underlying medical issue. They may also be side effects of some medications or substances.
Trust BOLD Health for Mood Disorder Treatment in San Diego
Mood disorders can significantly disrupt your life. If you believe you or someone you know may be struggling with a mood disorder, our exceptional team of mood disorder specialists can help. No matter what mood disorder may impact you, we have extensive knowledge, experience, and understanding.
We can tailor the ideal mental health treatment to meet your needs. Whether you need depression treatment in San Diego or another form of treatment, we’ve got you covered.
Our treatment plans can include:
- individual therapy
- group therapy
- family therapy
- medication management
- intensive outpatient program (IOP)
- ketamine treatment
Mood disorders are treatable, and we have the know-how to treat them. Contact us to learn more about our depression treatment in San Diego or any of our mental health treatment options so we can get you or your loved one on the road to recovery.